NIGERIA : Country Profile

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Country profile: Nigeria


After lurching from one military coup to another, Nigeria now has an elected leadership. But it faces the growing challenge of preventing Africa's most populous country from breaking apart along ethnic and religious lines.
Political liberalisation ushered in by the return to civilian rule in 1999 has allowed militants from religious and ethnic groups to express their frustrations more freely, and with increasing violence.
OVERVIEW




Thousands of people have died over the past few years in communal rivalry. Separatist aspirations have been growing, prompting reminders of the bitter civil war over the breakaway Biafran republic in the late 1960s.
The imposition of Islamic law in several states has embedded divisions and caused thousands of Christians to flee. Inter-faith violence is said to be rooted in poverty, unemployment and the competition for land.
Niger delta, the source of Nigeria's oil wealth


The government is striving to boost the economy, which experienced an oil boom in the 1970s and is once again benefiting from high prices on the world market. But progress has been undermined by corruption and mismanagement.
The former British colony is one of the world's largest oil producers, but the industry has produced unwanted side effects.
The trade in stolen oil has fuelled violence and corruption in the Niger delta - the home of the industry. Few Nigerians, including those in oil-producing areas, have benefited from the oil wealth.
Nigeria is keen to attract foreign investment but is hindered in this quest by security concerns as well as by a shaky infrastructure troubled by power cuts.
FACTS

Population: 130.2 million (UN, 2005)

• Capital: Abuja
• Area: 923,768 sq km (356,669 sq miles)
• Major languages: English (official), Yoruba, Ibo, Hausa
• Major religions: Islam, Christianity, indigenous beliefs
• Life expectancy: 43 years (men), 43 years (women) (UN)
• Monetary unit: 1 Nigerian naira = 100 kobo
• Main exports: Petroleum, petroleum products, cocoa, rubber
• GNI per capita: US $390 (World Bank, 2005)
• Internet domain: .ng
• International dialling code: +234

LEADERS


President: Olusegun Obasanjo
Mr Obasanjo won a second term in April 2003, gaining more than 60% of the vote in Nigeria's first civilian-run presidential poll for 20 years. But opposition parties rejected the outcome, citing allegations of vote-rigging.

President Obasanjo - a one-time military leader


Mr Obasanjo began his first leadership stint in 1976 after the assassination of Brigadier Murtala Mohamed. In 1979 he earned the distinction of becoming Africa's first modern military leader to hand over power to civilian rule. Renouncing politics, he then returned to his home state to set up a pig farm.
In 1995 he was jailed for his part in an alleged coup plot against military dictator Sani Abacha, but was set free three years later by new military leader General Abubakar.
He became a civilian head of state in 1999 in elections that followed a transition programme started by Gen Abubakar. Mr Obasanjo set up an investigation into human rights abuses under military rule, released political prisoners and began a crackdown on corruption. But critics say he has failed to halt spiralling violence and religious and ethnic clashes.
Mr Obasanjo's economic reform programme has won some plaudits; the president is pushing for privatisations, tax reform and greater transparency.
On the world stage, he helped to engineer a common plan for Africa's economic recovery - the New Partnership for African Development (Nepad). A key player in the Commonwealth, he reluctantly supported Zimbabwe's suspension over political violence in 2002.
Born in 1937, Olusegun Obasanjo is an ethnic Yoruba from the south-west of Nigeria. He joined the army in 1958 and came to prominence in 1970 as the officer who accepted the surrender of Biafran forces in the 1967-70 civil war.

Under the constitution, he is due to step down in 2007 at the end of his second term. Mr Obasanjo's supporters want to amend the charter to allow him to run for office again.
Vice president: Atiku Abubakar
Foreign minister: Oluyemi Adeniji
Finance minister: Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
MEDIA




Nigeria's media scene is one of the most vibrant in Africa. State-run radio and TV services reach virtually all parts of the country and operate at a federal and regional level. All 36 states run their own radio stations, and most of them operate TV services.

A lively press includes influential dailes and popular tabloids

The media regulator reported in 2005 that more than 280 radio and TV licences had been granted to private operators.
But TV stations in particular are dogged by high costs and scarce advertising revenues.
Radio is the key source of information for many Nigerians. Television viewing tends to be centred more in urban areas, and among the affluent. International radio broadcasters, including the BBC, are widely listened to.
There are more than 100 national and local newspapers and publications, some of them state-owned. They include well-respected dailies, popular tabloids and publications which champion the interests of ethnic groups. The lively private press is often critical of the government.
Media freedom improved under President Obasanjo. But restrictive decrees remain in force; in 2004 rebroadcasts of foreign radio stations were banned and concern was expressed over a proposed media law.
Citing high levels of violence, the media rights body Reporters Without Borders has said Nigerian journalists operate amid a "prevailing culture of brutality". The press

The Guardian - influential, privately-owned national daily
The Champion - Lagos-based daily
Daily Times - Lagos-based government daily
The Punch - privately-owned daily
New Nigerian - government daily, separate editions in Lagos and Kaduna
The Daily Independent - Lagos State-based daily
Daily Trust - Abuja-based daily
The Comet - private, daily
Vanguard - Lagos-based, widely-read daily
This Day - widely-read Lagos-based daily
The Daily Sun - Lagos-based
Newswatch - weekly news magazine
Tell - weekly news magazine Television

Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) - state-run, operates national and regional stations
Degue Broadcasting Network (DBN) - commercial
AIT - commercial, broadcasting in Lagos and Abuja and via satellite
Minaj TV - commercial, serves eastern Nigeria
Galaxy TV - commercial, serves western Nigeria
Channels TV - commercial
Radio

Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) - state-run, operates "Radio Nigeria" stations in Abuja, Lagos, Ibadan, Kaduna, Enugu
Voice of Nigeria - external service
Ray Power - commercial, operates music-based and speech-based networks News agency

News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) - government-owned

[necoladmilson]

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